What is Tooth Decay and How Can You Prevent It?

Tooth decay is one of the most common health problems in the world. In India, over 60% of children and adults suffer from some form of tooth decay. But the good news? It is almost completely preventable!

What is Tooth Decay?

Tooth decay (also called dental caries or cavities) happens when the bacteria in your mouth break down sugars and produce acid. This acid slowly eats away the hard outer layer of your tooth called enamel.

If left untreated, the decay goes deeper into the tooth, causing:
- Toothache and sensitivity
- Infection and abscess
- Tooth loss in severe cases

How Does Tooth Decay Happen?

Step 1: You eat or drink something sugary
Step 2: Bacteria in your mouth feed on the sugar
Step 3: Bacteria produce acid as a byproduct
Step 4: Acid attacks your tooth enamel
Step 5: Over time, a cavity (hole) forms in the tooth

Warning Signs of Tooth Decay:
- Tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
- Visible holes or pits in your teeth
- Black, brown, or white staining on teeth
- Toothache when biting

How to Prevent Tooth Decay:

1. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
2. Floss daily to remove food between teeth
3. Reduce sugary and acidic foods and drinks
4. Drink fluoridated water
5. Ask your dentist about dental sealants (a protective coating for back teeth)
6. Visit your dentist every 6 months for professional cleaning

Treatment Options:
- Early stage: Fluoride treatment to strengthen enamel
- Cavity formed: Dental filling
- Deep decay: Root canal treatment
- Severe decay: Tooth extraction

Remember — prevention is always better and cheaper than treatment. A small cavity costs ₹500–₹1000 to fill. A root canal can cost ₹5,000–₹15,000. Regular check-ups save money in the long run!

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